Global Risk-Based Management of Chemical Additives II by Bernd Bilitewski Rosa Mari Darbra & Damià Barceló

Author:Bernd Bilitewski, Rosa Mari Darbra & Damià Barceló
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg

Human toxicity

HTP∞

21

Fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity

FAETP∞

19

Acidification

AP

5

Eutrophication

EP

8

Depletion of abiotic resources

ADP

8

Total

100

ISO 14042 defines normalization as “calculation of the magnitude of indicator results relative to reference information”. The main aim of normalizing the category indicator results is to better understand the relative importance and magnitude of these results for each product system under study. For the purpose of normalization in LCA, Wegener Sleeswijk et al. [13] have made a comprehensive inventory of extractions and emissions of substances for the world level in the year 2000. The normalization in this project is based on these reference emissions and extractions. As a result the normalized score of an impact category for the cushion vinyl floor covering case is expressed as a fraction of the world problem.

Weighting is an optional step of impact assessment, in which the (normalized) indicator results for each impact category assessed are assigned numerical factors according to their relative importance, multiplied by these factors and possibly aggregated. Weighting is based on value choices (e.g. monetary values, standards, expert panel). A convenient name for the result of the weighting step is “weighting result”, of which there is generally one for each alternative product system analysed. Table 3 shows the weighting set that is used in this study to relatively weight the environmental problems (impact categories) from the problem-oriented approach. The weighting set is loosely based on the weighting sets for midpoint impact categories as reported by Huppes and van Oers [14], a study funded by the EC in which weighting sets are proposed to assess the overall EU27 impact based on decoupling indicators.

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